Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, nadiifinta laysarka ayaa noqotay mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu badan ee cilmi-baarista lagu sameeyo ee warshadaha, cilmi-baaristu waxay daboolaysaa habka, aragtida, qalabka iyo codsiyada. Codsiyada warshadaha, tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka waxay awood u yeelatay inay si kalsooni leh u nadiifiso tiro badan oo dusha sare ee kala duwan, nadiifinta walxaha oo ay ku jiraan birta, aluminium, titanium, galaaska iyo walxaha isku dhafan, iwm., warshadaha codsiyada ee daboolaya hawada sare, duulista hawada, maraakiibta, tareenka xawaaraha sare leh, baabuurta, caaryada, tamarta nukliyeerka iyo badda iyo beeraha kale.
Tiknoolajiyadda nadiifinta laysarka, oo dib ugu soo laabatay 1960-meeyadii, waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka saameynta nadiifinta wanaagsan, noocyo badan oo codsiyo ah, saxnaan sare, aan taabasho lahayn iyo helitaan. Wax soo saarka warshadaha, wax soo saarka iyo dayactirka iyo meelaha kale waxay leeyihiin fursado codsi oo kala duwan, waxaa la filayaa inay qayb ahaan ama gebi ahaanba beddesho hababka nadiifinta dhaqameed, oo ay noqoto tikniyoolajiyadda nadiifinta cagaaran ee ugu rajo weyn qarniga 21aad.
Habka nadiifinta laysarka
Habka nadiifinta laysarka waa mid aad u adag, oo ku lug leh noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyin ka saarista walxaha ah, habka nadiifinta laysarka, habka nadiifinta waxaa laga yaabaa inuu jiro isla waqtigaas noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyin ah, kuwaas oo inta badan loo aaneynayo isdhexgalka u dhexeeya laysarka iyo walxaha, oo ay ku jiraan absulation-ka dusha sare ee maaddada, kala-goynta, ionization, burburka, dhalaalka, gubashada, uumiga, gariirka, sputtering, ballaarinta, yaraynta, qaraxyada, diirka, daadinta iyo isbeddellada kale ee jireed iyo kiimikada.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hababka nadiifinta laysarka caadiga ah waxay inta badan yihiin saddex: nadiifinta laysarka ablation, nadiifinta laysarka dareeraha ah ee lagu caawiyo filimka iyo hababka nadiifinta hirarka shoogga ee laysarka.
Habka nadiifinta laysarka
Hababka ugu muhiimsan ee habka loo adeegsado waa ballaarinta kulaylka, uumiga, baabi'inta iyo qaraxa wejiga. Laysarku wuxuu si toos ah ugu shaqeeyaa walxaha laga saarayo dusha sare ee substrate-ka xaaladaha deegaankana waxay noqon karaan hawo, gaas aan la jarin ama faakiyuum. Xaaladaha hawlgalka waa kuwo fudud oo si weyn loo isticmaalo si looga saaro noocyo kala duwan oo dahaadh ah, rinji, walxo ama wasakh ah. Jaantuska hoose wuxuu muujinayaa jaantuska habka loo isticmaalo habka nadiifinta laser ablation.
Marka shucaaca laysarka uu ku dhaco dusha sare ee walaxda, walxaha substrate-ka iyo nadiifinta ayaa ah ballaarinta kulaylka ugu horreysa. Iyadoo ay korodho waqtiga isdhexgalka laysarka ee walaxda nadiifinta, haddii heerkulku ka hooseeyo heerka cavitation-ka walaxda nadiifinta, walaxda nadiifinta oo keliya habka isbeddelka jireed, farqiga u dhexeeya walaxda nadiifinta iyo isku-dhafka ballaarinta kulaylka substrate-ka wuxuu horseedaa cadaadis ku dhaca is-dhexgalka, walxaha nadiifinta oo qallooca, jeexjeexa dusha sare ee substrate-ka, dildilaaca, jabka farsamada, burburinta gariirka, iwm., walaxda nadiifinta waxaa laga saaraa jet ama laga saaraa dusha sare ee substrate-ka.
Haddii heerkulku ka sarreeyo heerkulka marin-u-helidda ee walxaha nadiifinta, waxaa jiri doona laba xaaladood: 1) heerka marin-u-helidda ee walxaha nadiifinta ayaa ka yar heerka marin-u-helidda; 2) heerka marin-u-helidda ee walxaha nadiifinta ayaa ka weyn heerka marin-u-helidda.
Labadan kiis ee qalabka nadiifinta waa dhalaalid, cavitation iyo ablation iyo isbeddello kale oo jireed, habka nadiifinta ayaa aad u adag, marka lagu daro saameynta kulaylka, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa ku jiri kara agabka nadiifinta iyo substrate-ka u dhexeeya jabka isku-xidhka molecular-ka, kala-goynta ama burburinta agabka nadiifinta, qaraxa wejiga, gaasaynta agabka nadiifinta ionization degdeg ah, soo saarista balaasmaha.
(1)Nadiifinta laysarka oo ka caawisa filimka dareeraha ah
Habka habka wuxuu inta badan leeyahay uumi-baxa iyo gariirka dareeraha ah ee filimka dareeraha ah, iwm.. Isticmaalka baahida loo qabo in la doorto hirarka laysarka ee ku habboon, si loo magdhabo la'aanta cadaadiska saameynta ee habka nadiifinta laysarka, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu saaro qaar ka mid ah walxaha nadiifinta ee aadka u adag in laga saaro.
Sida ku cad sawirka hoose, filimka dareeraha ah (biyo, ethanol ama dareere kale) ayaa hore loogu daboolay dusha sare ee shayga nadiifinta, ka dibna wuxuu isticmaalaa laysarka si uu u iftiimiyo. Filimka dareeraha ah wuxuu nuugaa tamarta laysarka taasoo keenta qarax xooggan oo ah dareere dareere ah, qaraxa dhaqdhaqaaqa dareeraha ah ee karkaraya, wareejinta tamarta ee agabka nadiifinta dusha sare, iyo xoogga qarxa ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee sarreeya ayaa ku filan in laga saaro wasakhda dusha sare si loo gaaro ujeeddooyin nadiifin.
Habka nadiifinta laysarka ee dareeraha ah ee lagu nadiifiyo wuxuu leeyahay laba faa'iido darro.
Geedi socod adag oo ay adag tahay in la xakameeyo habka.
Iyada oo la adeegsanayo filimka dareeraha ah, halabuurka kiimikada ee dusha sare ee substrate-ka ka dib nadiifinta ayaa si fudud loo beddeli karaa oo loo soo saari karaa walxo cusub.
(1)Habka nadiifinta nooca hirarka shoogga laser
Habka iyo habka loo adeegsado aad ayuu uga duwan yahay labada hore, habka loo isticmaalo waa ka saarista xoogga hirarka shoogga, walxaha nadiifinta badanaa waa walxo, inta badan ka saarista walxaha (hoos-micron ama nanoscale). Shuruudaha hab-socodku aad bay u adag yihiin, labadaba si loo hubiyo in awoodda lagu ionize karo hawada, laakiin sidoo kale in la ilaaliyo masaafada ku habboon ee u dhaxaysa laysarka iyo substrate-ka si loo hubiyo in ficilka ku saabsan xoogga saameynta uu ku filan yahay.
Jaantuska jaantuska habka nadiifinta hirarka shoogga ee laser-ka ayaa hoos lagu muujiyay, leysarkana wuxuu barbar socdaa jihada sawirka dusha sare ee substrate-ka, substrate-kuna ma soo galo xiriir. Dhaqaaji shaqada ama madaxa leysarka si aad diiradda leysarka ugu hagaajiso walxaha u dhow wax soo saarka leysarka, barta diiradda ee dhacdada ionization hawada ayaa dhici doonta, taasoo keenta hirarka shoogga, hirarka shoogga ilaa ballaarinta degdegga ah ee ballaarinta wareegsan, iyo in la ballaariyo si ay ula xiriiraan walxaha. Marka daqiiqadda qaybta isdhaafka ah ee hirarka shoogga ee ku taal walxaha ay ka weyn tahay daqiiqadda qaybta dheer iyo xoogga isku dhejinta walxaha, walxaha waxaa laga saari doonaa iyadoo la rogayo.
Tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka
Habka nadiifinta laysarka wuxuu inta badan ku salaysan yahay dusha sare ee shayga ka dib nuugista tamarta laysarka, ama uumi-baxa iyo isbeddelka, ama ballaarinta kulaylka degdega ah si looga gudbo nuugista walxaha dusha sare, si shaygu uga soo baxo dusha sare, ka dibna uu u gaaro ujeeddada nadiifinta.
Si kooban loogu soo koobay: 1. kala-goynta uumiga laysarka, 2. xoqidda laysarka, 3. ballaarinta kulaylka ee walxaha wasakhda ah, 4. gariirka dusha sare ee substrate-ka iyo gariirka walxaha afar dhinac
Marka la barbardhigo habka nadiifinta dhaqameed, tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka waxay leedahay sifooyinka soo socda.
1. Waa nadiifin "qalalan", xal nadiifin ama xalal kiimiko oo kale ma jiraan, nadiifintuna aad bay uga sarreysaa habka nadiifinta kiimikada.
2. Baaxadda ka saarista wasakhda iyo baaxadda substrate-ka ee khuseeya aad bay u ballaaran tahay, iyo
3. Iyada oo loo marayo nidaaminta xuduudaha habka laser-ka, ma dhaawici karto dusha sare ee substrate-ka iyadoo lagu saleynayo ka saarista wax ku oolka ah ee wasakhda, waa dusha sare sida ugu fiican ee cusub.
4. Nadiifinta laysarka si fudud ayaa loo samayn karaa si otomaatig ah.
5. Qalabka nadiifinta laysarka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa muddo dheer, kharash yarna waa ku baxayaa.
6. Tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka waa: cagaar: habka nadiifinta, tirtiridda qashinka waa budo adag, cabbir yar, si fudud loo kaydin karo, asal ahaan ma wasakhayn doonto deegaanka.
Sannadihii 1980-meeyadii, horumarka degdegga ah ee warshadaha semiconductor-ka ee dusha sare ee maaskaro silicon wafer ah walxaha wasakhaysan ee tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta ayaa soo bandhigay shuruudo sare, qodobka ugu muhiimsan waa in laga gudbo wasakheynta walxaha yaryar iyo substrate-ka u dhexeeya xoogga nuugista weyn, nadiifinta kiimikada dhaqameed, nadiifinta farsamada, hababka nadiifinta ultrasonic ma awoodaan inay daboolaan baahida, iyo nadiifinta laser-ka waxay xallin kartaa dhibaatooyinka wasakheynta noocaas ah, cilmi-baarista la xiriirta iyo codsiyada ayaa si degdeg ah loo horumariyay.
Sannadkii 1987, markii ugu horreysay ee codsiga shatiga ee nadiifinta laysarka. Sannadihii 1990-meeyadii, Zapka wuxuu si guul leh u adeegsaday tignoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka habka wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka si looga saaro walxaha yaryar ee dusha sare ee maaskarada, isagoo ogaaday adeegsiga hore ee tignoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka ee warshadaha. 1995, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay isticmaaleen laysarka 2 kW TEA-CO2 si ay si guul leh ugu guuleystaan nadiifinta ka saarista rinjiga diyaaradda.
Ka dib markii la galay qarnigii 21-aad, iyadoo horumarinta xawaaraha sare ee laser-ka garaaca wadnaha ee aadka u gaaban, cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo dibadda iyo adeegsiga tignoolajiyada nadiifinta laser-ka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhay, iyadoo diiradda la saarayo dusha sare ee agabka birta, codsiyada caadiga ah ee ajnabiga ah waa ka saarista rinjiga diyaaradda ee fuselage, dufanka dusha sare ee caaryada, ka saarista kaarboon gudaha matoorka iyo nadiifinta dusha sare ee kala-goysyada ka hor alxanka. Machadka Alxanka ee Mareykanka Edison wuxuu nadiifiyaa laser-ka diyaaradda dagaalka ee FG16, marka awoodda laysarka ee 1 kW, mugga nadiifinta ee 2.36 cm3 daqiiqaddii.
Waxaa xusid mudan in cilmi-baarista iyo adeegsiga rinjiga laysarka ee qaybaha isku-dhafan ee horumarsan ay sidoo kale tahay meel aad u muhiim ah. Daabyada duuliyaha helicopter-ka ee ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka ee HG53, HG56 iyo dabada fidsan ee diyaaradda dagaalka ee F16 iyo dusha sare ee kale ee isku-dhafan ayaa la ogaaday in rinjiga laysarka laga saarayo, halka agabka isku-dhafka ah ee Shiinaha ee codsiyada diyaaradaha uu goor dambe soo daahay, sidaa darteed cilmi-baarista noocaas ah asal ahaan waa mid aan la garanayn.
Intaa waxaa dheer, isticmaalka tiknoolajiyada nadiifinta laysarka si loogu daaweeyo dusha sare ee isku-dhafka ah ee CFRP ee kala-goyska ka hor inta aan la dhejin si loo hagaajiyo xoogga kala-goyska sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah diiradda cilmi-baarista hadda socota. Shirkadda laysarka la qabso khadka wax soo saarka baabuurta Audi TT si ay u bixiso qalabka nadiifinta laysarka fiber si loo nadiifiyo dusha sare ee filimka oxide-ka albaabka aluminiumka ee fudud. Rolls G Royce UK waxay isticmaashay nadiifinta laysarka si ay u nadiifiso filimka oksaydhka dusha sare ee qaybaha matoorka titanium aero-engine.
Tiknoolajiyadda nadiifinta laysarka ayaa si degdeg ah u horumartay labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, ha ahaato xuduudaha habka nadiifinta laysarka iyo habka nadiifinta, cilmi-baarista walxaha nadiifinta ama codsiga cilmi-baarista ayaa horumar weyn sameeyay. Tiknoolajiyadda nadiifinta laysarka ka dib cilmi-baaris badan oo aragtiyeed, diiradda cilmi-baaristeeda si joogto ah ayaa loogu janjeeraa codsiga cilmi-baarista, iyo hirgelinta natiijooyin rajo leh. Mustaqbalka, tiknoolajiyadda nadiifinta laysarka ee ilaalinta waxyaabaha qadiimiga ah ee dhaqanka iyo shaqooyinka farshaxanka ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaali doonaa, suuqeeduna aad ayuu u ballaaran yahay. Iyadoo la horumarinayo sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyadda, isticmaalka tiknoolajiyadda nadiifinta laysarka ee warshadaha ayaa noqonaya mid dhab ah, baaxadda codsiguna waxay noqonaysaa mid aad u ballaaran.
Shirkadda otomaatiga ah ee Maven laser waxay diiradda saareysaa warshadaha laser-ka muddo 14 sano ah, waxaan ku takhasusnay calaamadaynta laser-ka, waxaan haynaa mashiinka nadiifinta laser-ka ee mashiinnada, mashiinka nadiifinta laser-ka ee kiiska trolley-ka, mashiinka nadiifinta leysarka boorsada dhabarka iyo mashiinka nadiifinta leysarka saddex-in-one, marka lagu daro, waxaan sidoo kale leenahay mashiinka alxanka leysarka, mashiinka jarista leysarka iyo mashiinka xardho calaamadaynta leysarka, haddii aad xiisaynayso mashiinkayaga, waad na raaci kartaa oo xor ayaad u tahay inaad nala soo xiriirto.
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-14-2022
